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1. Acetycholine released from presynaptic neurone2) Acetylcholine diffuses down its concentration gradient and attaches to receptors on postsynaptic neurones3) This causes sodium channels to open on th...

The vaccine contains weakened or dead antigens (from MMR). These antigens are displayed on antigen-presenting cells which are detected by a specific helper T cell. This stimulates a specific B cell which ...

Transpiration is the evaporation of water through open stomata, occurring down the water potential gradient.Factors affecting the rate of transpiration:Light intensity - more stomata will be open to take ...

Blood enters the glomerulus from the afferent arteriole at a very high pressure, so the hydrostatic pressure forces the contents of the blood out of the blood vessels, into the Bowman's capsule. However, ...

(i) In the breakdown of glucose 4 ATP is produced, however 2 ATP are used leaving a net gain of 2 ATP.(ii) In the energy investment stage, 2 ATP molecules are used to phosphorylate glucose into fructose d...