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Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the superior/ inferior vena cava into the right atriumThe atria contract and blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricleThe right ventricle...

An oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve shows how saturated haemoglobin gets with oxygen at different partial pressures. The beginning of the curve starts off shallow, this is due to the tight quarternar...

Humoral: An invading pathogen in the blood or lymph has foreign antigens on its surface. This activates B cells which then produce antibodies against the antigen.Cell mediated: One of the body’s own cells...

Blood glucose increases and gets too high, this is detected by beta cells in the Islet of Langerhans. Increase in insulin secretion, this speeds up the rate of glucose uptake by tissue cells. Glucose gets...

To begin with, sodium ions are actively (using ATP) pumped out of the ascending limb of the loop of henle, however, as the ascending limb is impermeable, water remains . This creates a lower water potenti...