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For speciation to occur, two populations of a species must become reproductively isolated. This can result from either the formation of a geographic barrier between two populations of the species, prevent...

The genetic code is universal because all species use the same four bases A,T,C and G, and each base sequence codes for the same amino acid in all species. despite the 64 possible codons (sequence of thre...

Muscle contraction begins after an action potential reaches the required muscle and causes the calcium ion protein channels on the sarcoplasmic reticulum to open. This allows the calcium ions to diffuse d...

1. (Many mitochondria) release energy / ATP for movement of vesicles / synthesis of protein / active transport; 2. (Many Golgi) vesicles transport protein / glycoprotein / milk to cell membrane / out o...

An enzyme has an active site at which it binds to the substrates involved in the biochemical reaction. This results in the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex. The formation of such an intermediate c...