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Unlike other muscle cells in the human body, cardiac muscle is able to contract independently of the central nervous system. This is because it contains ‘pacemaker cells’ which are able to spontaneously g...
Relevant Points:Loading: loading into companion cells, location of companion cells at source(s), active loading of sucrose, mitochondrial action in companion cells, mechanism of proton gradi...
The formation of an enzyme substrate complex reduces the activation energy required for the reaction to take place by bending bonds. Without an enzyme, very few reactions would have the energy to take pla...
Firstly, PCR is used to amplify DNA so that it can be used in analysis. It is particularly useful in processes like forensic science to identify DNA samples left behind at a crime scene. The process begin...
Amylose is a short coiled molecule. Which makes it compact, Good for storing lots of glucose in a small space.Amylopectin is a branched molecule with many end points for enzymes to access. So lots of hydr...
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