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Barium has more electrons shells than calcium, so the nuclear shielding is stronger, and the outmost electrons are further away from the nucleus. This results in a weaker attractive force between the elec...

The electrons are packed in singly occupied orbitals in the 3p subshell in phosphorus, however in sulfur, the 4th electron is placed into an orbital that already has an electron. Because electrons are neg...

barium sulfate is insoluble

Many elements readily form ions because their electron configurations are more stable if electrons are added or removed, usually in order to ensure that the outermost shell is a full octet. An ionic compo...

n(HCl) = 0.05 dm^3 x 2 mol dm^-3 = 0.1 mol 

Ratio HCl : NaOH = 1 : 1 = 0.1 mol : 0.1 mol 

c(NaOH) = 0.1 mol / 0.025 dm^3 = 0.4 mol dm^-3