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Calcium ions (Ca2+) have the same charge as magnesium ions (Mg2+) but Ca2+ ions have a larger ionic radius (as ionic radius increases down the group). This means Ca2+...
Step 1: Nitration of benzene Benzene + conc. H2SO4 + conc. HNO3 with heat & under reflux --> Nitrobenzene Step 2: Reduction of nitrobenzene Nitrobenzene + tin + con...
Ionisation energy generally increases across a period in the periodic table. This is because across a period, one more proton is added to the nucleus. This increases the quantity of positive charge so the...
To calculate the pH of a solution/compound, we can use the equation: pH = - log10[H+]Within the sodium hydroxide solution, you would observe Na + and OH - ions so in order to find the concentra...
I like to use something called the ICE method:I = initial moles C = Change in molesE = equilibrium moles once you draw the ICE table with the formula on top you simply fill in the blanks. Now remember, i...
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