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deltaG= Gibbs free energy deltaG=deltaH - TdeltaS If deltaH= 150 kJ/mol and deltaS=2.1 J/mol we must first convert the deltaS into kJ/mol, this is done by multiplying by 10 -3 . So deltaS= 2.1 x 10 -3 kJ/mol...

Electron pairs arrange themselves so they are as far apart as possible (electron pair repulsion theory). In a covalent compound, the number of electron pairs around the central atom determines the shape of t...

The Gibbs free energy of a process is a measure of how readily that process will proceed on its own - a negative value means that the reaction is spontaneous, a positive value means that it is not, and a val...

Mass spectrometry is a technique we use to analyse and determine the structure of compound . Generally, it works by injecting your compound into an ionisation chamber , where it breaks up into smaller fragme...

This is a standard definition question that is relatively common in A level papers. The standar molar enthalpy change of atomisation is defined as the enthalpy change when 1 mol of an element in its standard...