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The ideal gas equation, pV = nRT, is an equation used to calculate either the pressure, volume, temperature or number of moles of a gas. The terms are: p = pressure, in pascals (Pa). V = volume, in m 3 . n =...

AlCl 3 has a trigonal planar structure. There is an aluminium atom with 3 sp 2 hybridised orbitals which bond to 3 chlorine atoms. The bond angle is 120 degrees. Each chlorine atom shares 1 electron with alu...

A curly arrow is an arrow that shows the movement of electrons in organic chemistry. If the arrow is a full headed then it shows the movement of two electrons in normal chemical reactions. If it is a half he...

Entropy At a Basic Level Entropy, whilst a mathematical concept can be described as a measure of disorder. The more disordered, then the greater the entropy. Correspondingly, a perfect crystal at 0K (absolut...

Consider the reversible reaction: A + B to C + D Let’s say you start with only the reactants A and B, at first they will react together to from some of C and D. This is called the forward reaction. As the fo...