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Ionisation energy is the energy required to remove the valence electron of an element/atom. The reason this increases is because, as we go across the period, the atomic number of the element increases. Th...

Boiling point: As alkyl chain length increases, boiling point increases as there are surface area contacts and so stronger induced dipole-dipole intermolecular forces – more energy needed...

So the trend is a high boiling point for HF, then a sharp decease to HCl, and then a steady increase up to HI. HF is a special case because they are held together by hydrogen bonds (as well as permanent d...

Fluorine is much more reactive than chlorine, even destroying the aromaticity. This is at the expense of the very strong C-F bonds (good orbital size and energy overlap) that are formed. C-Cl bonds are we...

Nucleophile- electron pair donor. If electron dense it's therefore attracted to a positive charge. A partial positive charge can be found on the C atom due to the electronegativity of chlorine. Therefore,...