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The first step is to formulate the Kc expression. Kc is the "concentration of the products / concentration of the reactants". We show concentration is in moldm^-3 by using square brack...

Firstly, to identify butanoic acid, adding a small amount of NaHCO₃ or any metal carbonates would allow effervescence tobe produced. The effervescence produced is CO₂ . To make sure ...

The answer is optical isomerism. Optical isomerism exists when a carbon has 4 different groups attached to it. In Butan-2-ol, the second carbon has a hydroxy group, ethyl group, a methyl group and a hydro...

Because chlorine exists as two isotopes, two molecular ions will be present, and their relative heights will correspond to the abundances of the isotopes. The tallest peak will be 3 times the height of th...

The electrons in chlorine are further away from the nucleus and in a higher energy level (3p for chlorine as apposed to 2p for fluorine). Chlorines electrons are better shielded and so feel less nuclear c...