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The EMF voltage produced when a half cell is connected to a standard hydrogen half cell under standard conditions. Standard conditions are 298 Kelvin, 100 kPa, and all solutions must be in 1 moldm^{-3 ...}

A buffer is a mix of an excess of weak acid and its salt. Buffers can be made in two ways- by mixing the weak acid with its salt or by partially neutralising the weak acid with base. 1- Making buffers by ...

It has a giant lattice structure, strong covalent bonds are difficult to break etc.

X with 2,4 DNPH (Brady's reagent) is used to show the presence of an aldehyde or ketone. X also reduces Copper ions (Fehling's) meaning it has to be an aldehyde and not a ketone as ketones are not readily...

These sorts of questions can look difficult, but if you learn the steps needed to solve them then they are all very similar.Step 1: Since we are told that X is a carbohydrate, we know tha...