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The first ionisation energy of an element is the minimum energy required to remove a single electron from one mole of an element in its gaseous state. As you go down the group the first electron becomes e...

This is a classic A-level question which uses the formula:PV=nRT First, this equation (which needs to be learnt, it is not given in the exam papers) must be rearranged to:n=PV/RTWhat all these letters in ...

E-Z isomers (aka geometric or cis-trans isomers) and optical isomers are both examples of stereoisomers, two or more compounds with the same structural formula but with bonds that are arranged differently...

First of all, let's define ionization energy. Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove 1 electron from each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms. The higher this energy is, the harder it is to remove t...

Both sodium and magnesium have metallic bonding between atoms. Outer electrons become delocalised and float freely between the positive ions. The positive ions attract the negatively charged electrons so ...