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Human Biology
A Level

What are the three main differences between a molecule of DNA and RNA?

Firstly, we can see a difference in the letters, DNA has a D whereas RNA has an R, when we think about the full names we come to deoxyribose and ribose, which correspond to the different sugar molecules f...

Answered by Loujin A. Human Biology tutor
2905 Views

How is water reabsorbed in the loop of Henle?

To understand how water is reabsorbed in the loop of Henle, it helps to first consider what happens in the ascending limb. The ascending limb is permeable to ions but impermeable to water. Ions are pumped...

Answered by Emily R. Human Biology tutor
17266 Views

Summarise the role of the transferrin receptor and its importance in health and disease.

The transferrin receptor (TfR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed on multiple cell types, apart from highly differentiated cells. Two forms of the receptor have been characterised to...

Answered by Antonia E. Human Biology tutor
2457 Views

Explain how the HPV vaccine produces long-term immunity in individuals.

A vaccination is where tiny particles are introduced into the body to stimulate the immune system to defend itself against a micro-organism. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) antigens are included in the HPV va...

Answered by Tobias R. Human Biology tutor
3427 Views

Please describe how the kidney concentrates urine?

This is through a mechanism called the countercurrent mechanism at the Loop of Henle that looks like a hair pin. It works by creating a concentration gradient between the nephron and the interstitium whic...

Answered by Sylvia D. Human Biology tutor
2491 Views

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