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Primary structure - This is the sequence of the amino acids on the polypeptide chain. The amino acids are held together with covalent bonds. When mutations occur, they effect the prima...

A gene is a part of a chromosome. The gene codes for a protein that expresses a specific characteristic.Genes code for our physical characterisics. It is a set of instructions to code for a protein which ...

There are several ways in which a pathogen can cause disease. These can be seen in the Germ Theory of disease, made famous by Robert Koch.

These include releasing toxins (1) and damaging/...

It is important to first understand the concept of respiration. It is not the same as ventilation (breathing), as respiration is a chemical process that involves the breakdown of basic chemical molecul...

Homeostasis refers to the processes that occur in our bodies to maintain various factors at set values. An example of this is control of body temperature. For example, if the temperature is too high, we b...