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Giant covalent structures are made up of many covalent bonds between atoms. They have high melting points because it takes a lot of energy to break the strong covalent bonds between the a...

Persists in the environment/soil/water. Enters the food chain and builds up the higher up the chain you move. Can enter human tissue eventually.  

Fractional distillation separates the different molecules in a crude oil mixture because of their differences in boiling points. 

A fractional distillation column is heated at the bottom and gets p...

Hydrogenation is used to add hydrogens to the vegetable oil molecules. This process gets rid of the double bonds in the molecular structure, making the molecules saturated, which lowers the melting point ...

In terms of the structure, simple covalent substances are made up of molecules. These molecules are bonded together by a shared pair of electrons, which forms the strong covalent bond. Between molecules, ...