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One weakness of Milgram's study is that the sample was biased. The sample consisted of 40 male participants, who were aged between 20-50, middle class, white American citizens. This therefore means that t...

Historically, the primary method of treating offenders has been custodial sentencing. Arguments for custodial sentences are that dangerous offenders cannot harm members of the public whilst detained and t...

One factor is interference. New learning may cause either proactive or retroactive interference, where another memory is recalled instead of the one needed. An example of proactive interference is recalli...

The behaviourist approach has four main assumptions. The first being is that all behaviours are learnt from the environment. The second assumption is that animals and humans learn in the same way which ha...

The basic type of conditioning is classical conditioning first demonstrated by Pavlov and his dogs whereby Pavlov demonstrated an association between a bell and the giving of food, resulting in the dogs b...