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The Bohr shift should be explained using the relative affinities of haemoglobin to carbon dioxide and oxygen due to changes in pH level. When pCO2 is high in cells (i.e in muscle cells when one is exercis...

A pain stimulus, for example, pressure from a pin, is sensed by a receptor, for example, pacinian corpuscle in the skin of the fingertip.This causes a change in shape of the receptor, so sodium ions diffu...

A first messenger is a hormone which binds to a receptor on the plasma membrane of a cell and causes a change to happen inside the cell

Homeostasis is maintaining a constant internal environment. It works by using control systems and allows cells to function normally.

The resting potential is a result of the concentrations of the sodium and potassium ions inside the neuron compared to outside. The leaky channels in the sensory neuron membrane allow the movement of Na+ ...