Search over 10,000 free study notes

Requirements·            Original DNA sample (to be amplified)·            dNTPS (4 DNA nucleotide bases)·            Thermal cycler (reaction vessel)·            Buffer solution (to maintain stable pH)· ...

Haemoglobin is a molecule in red blood cells with a high affinity for oxygen. It consists of 4 haem groups, each of which associate with one oxygen molecule at high pO₂, typically in the lungs....

For speciation to occur, a population must split into at least two isolated parts to avoid the spread of genes between them; the nature of this isolation is what defines sympatry and allopatry. In allopat...

An increase in temperature increases the activation energy of the atoms or molecules and therefore increases their net movement across a partially permeable membrane, increasing the rate of diffusion. A d...

Firstly, deoxygenated blood enters the top right chamber of the heart called the right atrium. It flows through to the chamber below, called the right ventricle. It then gets pumped to the lungs through t...