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ATP binds to the myosin head   Hydrolysis of ATP causes the head to come to a “cocked” position. Then the head binds to the actin binding site creating a cross-bridge ADP and Pi are released from the myos...

A reflex arc is a system of sensory, motor and relay neurones that work together to provide a quick reaction to stimulus that protects us from danger. A really good example that often comes up in t...

Changes in blood pressure are measured by primarily by baroreceptors (pressure receptors) in the carotid body within the aorta, which send signals to the medulla in the brain. Damage to the autonomic nerv...

Meiosis is the process by which new gametes are formed in the testes and ovaries. Mitosis is the process by which all other cells of the body divide, for tissue growth and repair. One way of remembering t...

The membrane of all nerve cells maintains a potential difference of -70mV by pumping positive Na+ ions out of the cell. This is called the resting potential. A nerve impulse is a change in this potential ...