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The primary structure of proteins consist of the sequence of amino acids that are joined by peptide bonds. These amino acids are joined together via a condensation reaction. The secondary structure is for...

In directional (a.k.a. adaptive) selection, one extreme of a population has a selective advantage i.e. is fitter than other individuals of the population. This causes a directional shift towards this extr...

Mitosis is a type of cell division in which a cell divides to form two cells that are genetically identical to the original cell and each other. During the cell cycle, the cell’s amount of genetic materia...

Solution A - plasmolysis. The red blood cells were in an hypertonic solution (solution had a lower water potential than the red blood cells due to increased concentration of solute) thus water molecules m...

Calculating the milk yield of mother cows and their offspring can indicate which animals have good breeding genetics. Bulls also play an important role in generating a good milk yield, and their offspring...