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The three main hormones to consider are: insulin, glucagon, and adrenaline. All three act on receptors on their target cells. Insulin results in the mobi...
The cAMP cascade describes an intracellular process that occurs upon activation of glucagon and adrenaline receptors. Glucagon receptors are present mainly in the live...
The initial stage of mitosis is known as prophase. In early prophase, the nuclear membrane breaks down and the nucleolus disappears. The chromatin condenses into a doubled armed chromosome- comprised of t...
Vaccinations introduce the human immune system to pathogenic antibodies in a safe way. This could be in the form of the dead pathogen, a genetically engineered version or the lone antibody. The antibody a...
Firstly the adaptive immune response is the antigen specific response the body uses against free antigens or infected cells. It relies on the highly specialised lymphocytes, T-cells and B-cells, which are...
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