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Outline the process that occurs when an action potential arrives at a presynaptic neuron for the transmission to the postsynaptic neuron.

An action potential arrives at the presynaptic membrane of the pre-synaptic neuron causing the calcium ion channels to open. This opening causes vesicles filled with neurotransmitter to fuse with the pre-syn...
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Answered by Amy B. • Biology tutor
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Describe how an endotherm prevents its body temperature from rising when external temperatures increase?

An endotherm detects external temprature increases through peripheral skin receptors just beneath the skins surface. This causes impulses (action potentials) to travel to the thermoregulatory centre in the H...
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Answered by Jack O. • Biology tutor
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Explain how the structure of an artery is related to its' function.

The artery is composed of elastic fibres which allow the artery walls to stretch following ventricular systole, so that the artery is able to maintain the high pressure.The artery has a smooth endothelial li...
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Answered by Brooke H. • Biology tutor
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What are the key features of parasites?

Parasitic organisms (or parasites) refer to living things which sustain themselves, obtaining nutrients and other resources, at the expense of another organism that they live on or within, known as the host,...
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Answered by Ryan B. • Biology tutor
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Explain what is meant by the term placebo, and how a placebo would be utilised in a clinical trial of a novel pain relief medication

A placebo is a control method to account for perceived effects of taking a medication. This is because patients often report that they feel a difference from taking a medication, irrespective of whether it h...
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Answered by Ryan A. • Biology tutor
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