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There are four main electron carrier protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial complex, which use the energy from the transfer of electrons to pump H+ into the intermembrane space, this is known as the...

When an action potential reaches a presynaptic cell, it causes voltage-gated ion channels in the membrane to open, which allows Ca2+ to enter the cell. This Ca2+ diffuses into the cell from high to low co...

Diffusion is a passive process, this means that no energy is required, where there is a net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down the concentration ...

We know red hair is recessive, so to have red hair you must have to have two red hair alleles, therefore Ben's genotype must be rr.However, the brown hair allele is dominant, this means you can have eithe...

Receptors in the skin which are sensitive to changes in pain, pressure and temperature detect a change in one of these factors. This acts as the stimulus for the reflex response. This stimulus triggers an...