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When cells divide by cytokinesis the nucleus also has to divide so that each new cell contains a nucleus with a complete copy of all of the genetic information. DNA replication therefore needs to ensure t...

Firstly, the 'wave of excitation' is produced by the sinoatrial node (SAN) in the top of the right atrium - this is also known as the pacemaker, as this is what controls the rate of contractions. This wav...

Anerobic respiration is used when AEROBIC respiration can no longer take place. This is because there is a deficit in oxygen so the process of aerobic respitartion can no longer occur. The organism still ...

The similarities between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, is that they both use glucose as the starting molecule. This is called the substrate. In addition, both aerobic and anaerobic respiration produc...

When a neurone is stimulated an action potential is generated by a change in ion concentrations across the cell membrane. The resting membrane potential (the potential of charge across the membrane when t...