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Cell walls provide plant cells with protection and structure. Protection may be from adverse conditions or from biotic threats like fungi or bacteria. The structure of the plant is dependent on the pre...

The mitochondria is an organelle found in most cells of eukaryotic organisms, excluding some specific cells such as red blood cells. It has a double membrane and is variable in size (but usually betwee...

A mutation is a random change in the amount of DNA or sequence of DNA nucleotides within a cell. DNA is a double helix with two polynucl...

A gene is a section of DNA coding for a specific protein. This protein will perform a certain function within the organism. You interit two forms of each gene, one from each parent. These are ...

A pathogen is a microorganism that causes a disease. Pathogens spread communicable diseases meaning that they are transmitted person to person and are infectious.
Types of pathogens include bacteria,...