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Well... chemistry is the study of very tiny particles (electrons, atoms, molecules). It would be very hard for us to work with, and make calculations with, a single particle. A 'mole' is just 6.022x10^23 ...

The outer electron is further from the nucleus of the atom, therefore feeling less effective nuclear attraction .
As you descend the group 1 metals, more shells of electrons are present in the metal...

CnH2n+2

1s² 2s² 2p⁵

When molten, the ions of an ionically bonded compound can move freely carrying charge. When solid, the oppositely charged ions are held in place by strong forces and therefore cannot conduct electricity.<...