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The bond angle is 104.5 degrees. This is because of the pairs of electrons around the oxygen atom: it has 2 bonded pairs and 2 lone pairs. Lone pairs and bonded pairs of electrons repel each other. Howeve...
A catalyst can provide a different mechanism or pathway for a chemical reaction through stabalistion of the transition state. The catalyst will lower the activation energy of the reaction meaning a greate...
The detail required for many A-level questions is indicated in the number of marks available. As this question awards 3 marks, 3 separate points must be made. For example, the first stage of a heterogeneo...
In electrolysis, positive ions will be attracted to the negative cathode (the cathode being negative can be remembered because cats are evil). However, in aqueous solutions there are 2 positive ion...
Crude oil is composed from hydrocarbons of varying chain length. Hydrocarbons with longer chains have higher boiling points due to the increasing strength of intermolecular forces with length, therefore t...
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