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The first ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one electron from an atom. Down a group, there are more electron shells surrounding the nucleus, which results in a greater shielding from the ...
Le Chatelier's principle states that the position of equilibrium will shift to oppose the change of conditions to a system. For example, if the temperature is increased the position of equilibrium will sh...
electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions.
Metals have a distinct bonding known as metallic bonds, where there is a sea of delocalised electrons and metal ions present. This is due to electrons leaving the atom forming a positive metal ion and a s...
The silver nitrate test is a test for halide ions and the flame test is a test for metal ions, since they produced positive results you have an ionic substance. The result of a white precipitate is the po...
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