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Reactions are all about the formation and the breaking of bonds between atoms. The formation of bonds within a system causes energy to be released whilst the breaking of bonds requires energy to be applie...
The mechanism is an Electrophilic Addition. Explanation of the drawing: Draw a curly arrow from the but-1-ene double bond to the H and a curly arrow from the HBr bond to Br; forming a secondary carbocatio...
For any reaction, the equilibrium constant is given in the form: K = [products] / [reactants]
Where [ ] is used to denote the concentration of the species.
Therefore we can substitute in fo...
The standard enthalpy of formation of a substance is the enthalpy change when one mole of that substance is formed from the most stable allotropes of its elements in their standard states...
Ionic Bonding
Ionic bonding occurs between positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions), which are attracted to each other through their oppisite charges. The resulting comp...
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