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Using rows to represent mathematical operations and a column for each compound we can draw ourselves a table:

                             Ca       W      O
%                         13.9    ...

Calcuim is in group two which means when it forms an ion it will donate its two outer elections, this means a calcium ion will be smaller as it has one less shell of electrons.  

a)         will increase

            greater collision energy

            so greater chance of activation energy being exceeded

            so greater fraction of successful collision...

Possibly the easiest way to do this is by thinking about what the value of Electrode Potential means. The more positive the Electrode Potential, the greater the tendency of the species in the equation to ...

An acid is a proton donor. The acid molecule may have one or more protons that it can lose depending on its structure, however generally the second proton is much less acidic (meaning that it is lost much...