Search over 10,000 free study notes

Phosphorous has five electrons in its outermost shell of electrons. Fluorine provides three electrons to the phosphorous allowing the formation of a stable central phosphorous atom which now has 8 electro...

An ionic bond is generally between a metal and a non metal atom. It is based on electrostatic attractions of two ions formed from an atoms loss or gain of electrons. A metal e.g. Li will donate one or mor...

Both of these elements are part of the 2nd group of elements on the periodic table. ie in first ionisation, their electron configuration changes from nS2 -> nS1.

Strontium is a much larger eleme...

A nucleophile is a chemical species that can donate a pair of electrons to a different chemical species (generally to an electrophile) to form a chemical bond in a reaction. They are generally negatively ...

Benzene has the molecular formula C₆H₆, with the 6 carbon atoms forming a planar hexagonal ring of C-C sigma bonds. The six hydrogen atoms, one attached to each carbon atom via a C-H...