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Calcium chloride in an ionic compound. The calcium atom loses two electrons, and each chlorine atom gains one electron, to form a full outer shell of electrons. The electrostatic force of attraction betwe...

1st step: SOCl₂ or PCl₃ to form an acyl chloride, which is now significanlty more electrophilic based on leaving gorup abiliity, hence an amine can now attack the acyl chloride to fo...

The theoretical Born Haber enthalpy assumes a perfect ionic model where the attraction between the ions is purely electrostatic and the ions are purely spherical. The Born Haber lattice enthalpy is the re...

Example of an alkane is C_{​​​​​​}H_​4​​​​ methane

The main difference between alkane and alkene is the saturation of the carbon-carbon bond. In alkane is unsaturated and has a C-...

Although benzene is often drawn with alternating single and double bonds (Kekule structure), this is not representative of what is actually going on. Refer back to the structure of a C=C double bond, whic...