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The rate of every reaction, R, relies on many different things including pressure, temperature or concentration of the reactants. To simplify this everything expect for concentration are inclu...

The first thing to do with this titration calculation is write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction. Using the knowlege that when an acid and base react a salt and water is produced we can wri...

Copper, like all metals, is a conducter of electricity. Copper is particularly effective because of the way its electrons are arranged allows for more free movement of electrons which allows for more e...

An ion is a charged particle. 

They are made when an atom of neutral charge accepts or donates an electron from another atom or ion in order to bond with one another.

By definition, all transition metal ions have d orbitals. These are normally degenerate, lying at the same energy level as there is nothing to break the symmetry.

However, in the presence...