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Reactivity increases down the group.

This is because the outer electron in each atom is further away from the nucleus as you go down the group and so the electrostatic forces between the ...

A dative covalent bond, or coordinate bond, is a bond where there is 1 pair of shared electrons between two atoms. The difference relative to a covalent bond is that in a dative covalent bond these electr...

Overall, the general trend is an increase across the period.

The decrease in shielding (as outer electrons are less influenced by the nucleus) is outweighed by an increased nuclear charge...

Hybridisation is a chemical phenomenon that occurs in certain atoms, whereby atomic orbitals 'mix' or 'hybridise' from their usual arrangement to form a more energetically-favourable orbital arrangement. ...

A coordinate bond is a covalent bond in which both the electrons in the shared pair are donated from one atom (the donor). The properties of the covalent bond are exactly the same as a no...