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Hybridisation is a chemical phenomenon that occurs in certain atoms, whereby atomic orbitals 'mix' or 'hybridise' from their usual arrangement to form a more energetically-favourable orbital arrangement. ...

A coordinate bond is a covalent bond in which both the electrons in the shared pair are donated from one atom (the donor). The properties of the covalent bond are exactly the same as a no...

Acids are substances that dissolve in water to generate an excess of H⁺ ions. They react with bases to produce a salt and water. With metal carbonates, products include a salt of that metal (de...

Metals have a number of physical properties which make them useful to us in society, and which you will be familiar with from everyday experience. By considering the structure and bonding of metals whi...

A mass spectrometer is an important analytical instrument which scientists can use to identify the amount and type of different chemicals in a substance. In this explanation I’ll go through how the mas...