Search over 10,000 free study notes

We must remember that negative energies (in any context) generally represent energetically stable configurations and as the energy of a system increases, it will become more unstable.

Firstly, ioni...

The electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a covalent bond.

The electronegativity of the halogens decreases down the group as the radius of each atom in...

A3.   Ethanoic acid is a weak acid with the formula CH3COOH. It will dissociate into H+ and CH3COO- therefore the expression for Ka is [H+][CH3COO-]/[CH3COOH]   The [H+] = [CH3COO-] and so the expression ...

A2.   First thing to work out is the moles of NaOH added, since moles = concentration x volume, = 0.0108 mol/dm^3 x 50ml, but need volume to be in units of Litres to match with the units of dm^3 so the fo...

A1.   First it is important to know that nitric acid (HNO3) is a strong acid and so [HNO3] = [H+]    Beaker A contains 100cm^3 = 100ml   Final volume is 150ml (50cm^3 of distilled water is added to beaker...