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First of all we must appreciate the general trend in these ionisation energies. The will always be endothermic (takes in energy) since we must put energy into a system to overcome the strong electrostatic...

Boron is the 5th element in the periodic table, and has an electron configuration 1s²2s²2p¹. The first ionization energy of Boron is the energy required to remove the s...

Stoichiometry is just a way of relating two species that react, in a ratio. EXAMPLE: 1A + 2B -> 3C Now usually this would be written as A + 2B -> 3C but I've written the 1 to exaggerate the point. N...

The first step here is to determine the mass of C in CO₂ and the mass of H in H₂O. This is done by dividing the relative atomic mass, Mr, by the relative molecular mass of the com...

The first step here is to determine the mass of C in CO₂ and the mass of H in H₂O. This is done by dividing the atomic mass by the molecular mass and then multiplying by the mass ...