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Carbon Dioxide consists of 1 carbon atom covalently bonded to two oxygen atoms.Carbon is in group 4 and so has 4 electrons in its outer shell.Carbon shares two pairs of electrons with each of the oxygen a...

Alkenes decolourise bromine water (orange/brown to colourless) while alkanes cause no change in colour. An electrophilic addition reaction occurs with the alkene. In a reaction between et...

usually covalent structures cannot conduct electricity but graphene is one of the exceptions and this is due to its structure and bonding. It is a giant covalent 2D molecule, hexagonal in shape with 3 cov...

Answer: Heat with acidified potassium dichromate (IV), distilling off the aldehyde as it forms.
Explanation: To form an aldehyde from an alcohol the alcohol group must be oxidised. To do this we use ...

Stage 1: 1-2 marksFirstly, draw and explain the difference in structures between the two acids.
Stage 2: 3-4 marksThe unionised COOH groups in the ethanedioc acid contain two very el...