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Stage 1: 1-2 marksFirstly, draw and explain the difference in structures between the two acids.Stage 2: 3-4 marksThe unionised COOH groups in the ethanedioc acid contain two very el...
Le Chatelier's principle states that if a system is disturbed - something changes - the system will tend to move in the direction that minimises the change. 3 marks from: The forw...
1 mark : Indication that the solution and bromine water should be mixed together1 mark : Indicating that the bromine water will de-colourise / go colourless if the solution contains an alkeneOR 1 mark awa...
Part a) 1 mark : Show the nucleophilic attack of CN- at the carbonyl forming the O-1 mark : Show the protonation of the O- via the deprotonation of HCNPart b)1 mark: Student has identified that the interm...
Tollens reagent could be used to identify the the solutions A and B, as the aldehyde solution will oxidise to a carboxylic acid and a ‘silver mirror’ will be observed. Ketones cannot be oxidised further a...
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