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To test for chloride ions, add silver nitrate and a white precipitate should form, then add dilute ammonia and it should re-dissolve. For bromide ions, add silver nitrate and a cream precipitate should fo...

IR looks at how infrared light interacts with a molecule, measuring the vibration of atoms. Bonds are continuously vibrating and moving around, much like two balls connected by a spring. This spring syste...

An optical isomer is when a molecule has a 'non-superimposable mirror image'. This means that if you draw out its reflection, it is not the same as the original. A good example in daily life would be feet...

For each element on the periodic table there are two key numbers associated with it, the atomic number and the atomic mass (top and bottom respectively). The atomic number is simply a count of how many pr...

The double bond can be attacked by the OH nucleophile producing two possible carbocation intermediates. The more stable carbocation with more surrounding electron releasing methyl groups will be more stab...