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This is because the altered amino acid codes for a different protein (an enzyme is a protein) to be created. This protein has a different 3D structure and shape meaning that it's active site, where the su...

The small intestine's structure is adapted in two main ways to aid in the absorption of the products of digestion. Firstly, the small intestine's surface is covered in villi which help to increase the sur...

A stem cell is an unspecialised cell that can undergo differentiation to form a specialised cell. Differentiation describes changes that happen to a cell that result in it transforming into a different ce...

Blood leaves the right side of the heart via the pulmonary artery, which takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs so gas exchange may occur. Numerous alveoli are found here and these alveoli possess many inv...

Vaccinations are an injection of small amount of a dead or weakened form of a pathogen that provoke a primary immune response. This causes the body to produce the correct antibodies to remove the pathogen...