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Protons are actively transported using ATP out of the companion cell into the cell wall, creating an electrochemical gradient. These protons then re-enter the cell by facilitated d...
As we know there are 20 fundamental amino acids used for protein synthesis. Both Aspartic Acid and Proline are such amino acids. They are composed of the typical amino acid carbon skeleton (R-CH-COOH) and...
Deoxygenated blood enters through the right atrium from vena cava, moves through tricuspid valve into right ventricle. This moves up the pulmonary artery to the lungs and oxygenates.Oxygenated blood enter...
The lytic cycle is one of the two cycles of viral reproduction in host cells. Viruses cannot replicate outside a host, therefore virus binds to host cells. Adsorption and penetrationNGAnswered by Nisha G. • Biology tutor9251 Views
The vaccine contains parts of the pathogen that are recognised by the immune system, these are called antigens. The antigen is recognised by innate immune cells such as macrophages that will engulf the pa...
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