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During inspiration, the intercostal muscles contract, moving the sternum up and out. This increases the thoracic volume, hence decreasing the pressure. The pressure gradient set up causes air inflow from ...

Prokaryotes tend to be single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, and eukaryotes are multicellular organisms like plants, animals and funghi. The two domains are also different at the cellular level, too....

Enzymes are made up of specific amino acid sequences. Bonds form between amino acids in the chain in specific places. Hydrogen bonds form and fold the sequence into a secondary structure. Ionic bonding, d...

Hydrogen bonding is a type of chemical interaction, or bond, that occurs between certain types of molecules. Hydrogen bonding relies on a chemical concept known as polarity. Just as the n...

Auxins are plant growth hormones found in both the roots and shoots of plants, in the shoots they promote growth whereas in the roots they inhibit it. In the shoots they cause cell elongation in the side ...