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Biology A-level is examined by year. Year 1 is examined in paper 1 and year 2 is examined in paper 2. Paper 3 consists of content from both years 1 and 2. When revising content for the papers it is impera...

Atherosclerosis occurs when the endothelium of a blood vessel becomes damaged. This may due to various reasons such as high blood pressure or toxins from cigarette smoke. This causes an inflammatory respo...

Vaccines provide a dead/inactive form of bacterial meningitis. Phagocytes such as macrophages recognise the antigens of bacterial meningitis as foreign so engulf the pathogen forming a phagosome. The lyso...

In skeletal muscle there exists a thick filament, myosin, and a thin filament, actin. For contraction both of these filaments need to interact causing a power stroke and muscle contraction. At rest, the m...

1. The Nucleus contains the DNA code for the amino acid sequence (2)
   3. The Nucleolus makes rRNA (4)
   5. The Ribosomes translate mRna in protein synthesis
   6. The endoplasmic reticulum all...