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The influenza virus has a very high mutation rate. This means that its surface proteins (antigens) will change. Since a vaccine contains a specific antigen, if the virus switches to a different antigen, t...
The cardiac cycle consists of series of chamber systole and diastole. Systole is the name given to a period when cardiac muscle contract to cause blood ejection from the respective chamber to another. Dia...
Size: mitochondria are 2uM in diameter, similar to bacteria. Also applies to genome size and content, suggesting an 'endosymbiosis' event.
Proteins are encoded by the information stored in the DNA genetic material. This happens in two stages: transcription and translation. During transcription, the DNA unravels and exposes it's sequence, all...
Enzymes are specific proteins that catalyse a specific reaction or breakdown of a substance. They allow a variety reactions to take place without using as much energy (improve efficiency). Useful to think...
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