Search over 10,000 free study notes

In order to react, particles must collide with sufficient energy. Particles with a temperature above 0K are always moving and colliding with each other.

Bronsted-Lowry theory: Acid is a proton donor (H⁺) and base is a proton acceptor, i.e NH₃(aq) + H₂O (l) ⇌ NH₄⁺ (aq) + OH^-(aq) (In the left...

The overall trend is that the 1st ionisation energy increases. This is because as the nuclear charge increases, the attraction of the nucleus to the surr...

Optical isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism (different arrangement of the same atoms in 3D space) which is caused by the presence of a chiral carbon in a molecule. A chiral carbon is a carbon with four...

Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction (dipole being when a molecule has unequal sharing of electrons across a bond). It is a particularly strong type dipole-dipole interaction and can on...