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An easy way to break down a 12 mark essay question is to split it into four sections, and think of each as being worth 3 marks.

Paragraphs 1 & 2
The question will usually ask y...

Firstly, remove all the names and long confusing words. To really understand complex theories you have to know what they attempt to explain at their core. Learn this before you attempt anything else. Then...

Utilitarianism is a normative theory of ethics devised by philosopher Jeremy Bentham that rests on the 'Principle of Utility'; the idea that the right action is that which results in the greatest amoun...

The cosmological argument presents various different interpretations to the universe's existence; in which they try to prove  the existence of God as being the creator.  However, many people cannot com...

Wittgenstein's theory is that language is like a game: you can only get involved if you know the rules of the game. In the same way that you could only play chess if you knew how each piece could be mo...