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mRNA stands for messenger RNA. Essentially, once the strand of DNA is unwound and flattened, it is separated into its two strands. Then the bases on each DNA strand are read in groups of three. These are ...

Normal adult haemoglobin is primarily comprised of 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits and foetal haemoglobin has 2 gamma subunits instead of the 2 betas. Now what this does is increase the binding affinity of th...

When we breathe we inhale oxygen from the air into our lungs. The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lung where oxygen diffuses into the blood via small blood vessels, known as capillaries. The blood in the...

Root hair cells have a very large surface area due to them being very long and having hair like projections. This allows more active transport of mineral ions to take place so the plant is able to take in...

Motor neurones have a myelin sheath made of Shwann cells. It's an electrical insulator meaning action potentials cannot pass through them. Along the axon there are gaps where there's no myelin sheath, cal...